DHY 278 - Dental Hygiene II Theory

• Explain and demonstrate the correct administration of local anesthesia.
• Explain and demonstrate the correct use of ultrasonic scaler.
• Explain the principles in effective utilization of the air polisher.
• Recall the psychological basis of pain perception and explain factors effecting pain perception.
• Explain the rational and principles in effective endodontic testing.
• Explain the rational and principles in effective administration of chemotherapeutic agents.
• Explain the principles of proper suture techniques.
• Explain and demonstrate tobacco cessation techniques.
• Explain the proper principles of Diagodent technique
• Demonstration of Nitrous-oxide/Oxygen Inhalation Analgesia (on peer)

Nitrous oxide-Oxygen

• Discuss Nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation analgesia and identify indications and contraindications based on the patient’s medical history.
• Discuss the indications and contraindications for nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation analgesia.
• List the advantages, disadvantages and complications of nitrous oxide use.
• Recall the signs and symptoms of the baseline level of conscious sedation.
• List the safety features associated with gas cylinders and the gas machine.
• Calculate the percentage of nitrous oxide and the percentage of oxygen from the tidal volume.
• Discuss the proper use of the intra -oral camera

OBJECTIVES:

Nitrous Oxide Analgesia

• Demonstration of Nitrous-oxide/Oxygen Inhalation Analgesia (on peer)

Nitrous oxide-Oxygen

• Discuss Nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation analgesia and identify indications and contraindications based on the patient’s medical history.
• Discuss the indications and contraindications for nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation analgesia.
• List the advantages, disadvantages and complications of nitrous oxide use.
• Recall the signs and symptoms of the baseline level of conscious sedation.
• List the safety features associated with gas cylinders and the gas machine.
• Calculate the percentage of nitrous oxide and the percentage of oxygen from the tidal volume.

Ultrasonic Scaling Technique

• Explain the correct use of the ultrasonic scaler.
• Differentiate among the various types of ultrasonic technologies.
• Compare the effects of hand scaling and ultrasonic scaling on tooth surfaces and gingiva.
• Recall the indications and contraindications for ultrasonic scaling.
• List the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonic scaling.

Air Polishing Technique

• Explain the principles in effective utilization of the air polisher.
• Describe the rationale for use of the air polisher.
• List the contraindications to the use of air polishing.
• Compare the effects of rotary polishing and air polishing on tooth surfaces and soft tissue.

Intra-oral photography

• Describe techniques that will produce intraoral photographs to enhance treatment planning, patient education, and document patient conditions with the Dentrix program.
• No cellphone photography will be allowed in clinic.

LOCAL ANESTHESIA LABORATORY

REQUIREMENTS:

LABORATORY SESSIONS WILL BE UTILIZED TO PRACTICE ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES.

Local Anesthesia Objectives

   1. Select and assemble all component parts of equipment required for injections

2. Maintain the chain of asepsis throughout the local anesthesia procedure
3. Apply topical anesthetic agents while monitoring dosage levels
4. Administer local anesthetic agent safely with the least amount of pain and trauma to the patient based on knowledge of anatomical landmarks, selection of correct insertion, needle pathway, area of deposition of the agent, biological and pharmacological principles involved with the administration of local anesthetic agents
5. Demonstrate complete record keeping procedures for administration of local anesthetic agents
6. Demonstrate patient management skills in which will alleviate patient’s fear of the injection procedure
7. Demonstrate emergency management procedures as could arise related to local anesthesia administration

Local Anesthesia Course Outline:

Pain control - Overview

• Discuss the indications for pain control during dental hygiene treatment.
• List the advantages of local anesthetics in dental hygiene treatment.
• Describe the physiologic mechanism of nerve pain conduction.
• Describe the mode and site of action of local anesthetics.

Armamentarium

• Recall the component parts of local anesthesia armamentarium.
• Assemble, disassemble and discuss the proper maintenance of the local anesthetic armamentarium.
• Identify possible problems associated with the different armamentarium parts and give solutions.

Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics

• Recall the anesthetic agents and vasoconstrictors used in dentistry.
• Discuss the rationale of selecting particular agents in providing dental hygiene care.
• Calculate the dosage of anesthetic agent and vasoconstrictor administered.
• Recall the maximum safe dosages for anesthetic agents and vasoconstrictors.
• Identify contraindications with patients for use of local anesthetics or vasoconstrictors.
• Define the terms relative risk and absolute.

Patient Evaluation

• Discuss the importance of a complete medical history, dialogue history and physical evaluation in prevention of local anesthetic complications.
• Identify patients at absolute and relative risk for local anesthetics and vasoconstrictors.
• Assess the patient health history to determine suitability to receive local anesthesia or vasoconstrictors, and determine if and what modifications to the treatment planned are needed.

Basic Injection/Anatomic Considerations

• Identify two components to an atraumatic injection.
• Recall the steps to a basic injection.
• Identify anatomic landmarks specific to the administration of local anesthetic.

Maxillary Injections

• Differentiate the terms: infiltration, field block, regional block.
• Recall the various maxillary injections.
• For each injection learned identify the: anatomic landmarks; nerve and area anesthetized; site, angle and depth of insertion; suggested needle gauge and length; and the amount of anesthetic deposited.
• Identify the possible complications of each injection.

Local and Systemic Complications

• Discuss the prevention of local and systemic complications that can result from the administration of local anesthetics.
• Identify local and systemic complications that may result from the administration of anesthetic agents and the proper management of these complications.

Mandibular Injections

• Recall the various mandibular injections.
• For each injection learned identify the: anatomic landmarks; nerve and area anesthetized; site, angle and depth of insertion; suggested needle gauge and length; and the amount of anesthetic deposited.
• Identify the possible complications of each injection.

Future of Pain Control

• Explain the problems in achieving pain control
• Explain how computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery works.
• Discuss the use of Articaine Hydrochloride
• Discuss the use of Phentolamine Mesylate in local anesthesia.
• Discuss buffering of local anesthesia.
• Explain what tetracaine and oxymetazoline is used for in local anesthesia.