MLT 234 - Leukocyte Hematology/Coagulation

1. Explain the multiple components of white blood cell and platelet populations and the coagulation process including their functions, formations, and distribution.
2. Associate hematology test results with appropriate disease states or conditions and recognize potential discrepancies between a test result and patient symptoms.
3. Examine and identify normal and abnormal blood cell morphology on a peripheral blood smear.
4. Interpret quality control data to evaluate the significance of patient results.
5. Demonstrate the importance of proper specimen collection and handling requirements of hematology samples to be analyzed while observing universal precautions.
6. Demonstrate good interpersonal skills and ability to accept assistance and constructive criticism while maintaining professional and courteous working relationships with fellow students and instructors.
7. Demonstrate ability to follow written and oral instructions and spend adequate time needed to complete and master assignments and testing techniques using manual or automated equipment while following universal precautions.  Must also be willing to repeat procedures if necessary.

Course Objectives

1. Discuss the role of leukocytes, the site of origin, and the different morphology.
2. Explain the development, distribution, and destruction of granulocytes.
3. Identify eosinophils and basophils and discuss the maturation process and the functional properties.
4. Discuss the maturation process of monocytes as well as identification, location, and function.
5. Discuss lymphocytes and the sites of origin.
6. Discuss the development and migration of lymphocytes.
7. Discuss the maturation of lymphocytes and differentiate between the types.
8. Explain the immunological differences of lymphocytes.
9. Discuss the main function of lymphocytes.
10. Explain the activation necessary for removal of antigens and the morphology required to do so.
11. Discuss laboratory tests and findings to assess leukopoiesis.
12. Explain how to calculate relative and absolute white blood cell counts.
13. Calculate a corrected NRBC count.
14. Discuss and differentiate the different benign disorders of leukocytes.
15. Compare and contrast the Nuclear/morphologic alterations of granulocytes.
16. Discuss the different cytoplasmic and morphological alterations of granulocytes.
17. Discuss the cytoplasmic/Non morphologic alterations of granulocytes.
18. Discuss the cytoplasmic/morphologic alterations of monocytes/macrophages.
19. Identify the morphologic alterations of lymphocytes and know the diseases they are associated with.
20. Discuss the non-morphologic alterations of lymphocytes.
21. Discuss the non-morphologic alterations of granulocytes.
22. Explain the quantitative changes that may take place with leukocytes.
23. Discuss the terminology related to leukocytosis.
24. Explain the changes in eosinophils and basophil counts.
25. Discuss the changes that may occur in monocytes/macrophages.
26. Discuss the possible causes for change in the number of lymphocytes.
27. Define leukocyte neoplasms and discuss the different leukemias.
28. Define the classifications of leukemias and discuss the onset signs and symptoms.
29. Explain the classification process according to the cell type.
30. Discuss the subclassifications of acute leukemia including cellular morphology, cytochemical classification, & immunological classifications.
31. Explain the classification systems of leukemias and the criteria that are used.
32. Discuss the other studies used in the classification process.
33. Discuss the options available in helping to make immunologic classifications.
34. Explain the different cytogenetic classifications and molecular techniques used.
35. Clinically identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia, discuss the prognosis, morphology, immunophenotyping, lab findings, and types of treatment.
36. Clinically identify acute myeloid leukemia, discuss the prognosis, morphology, immunophenotyping, lab findings, and types of treatment.
37. Clinically identify the undifferentiated leukemia, discuss the variation in presentation, prognosis, and treatment.
38. Clinically identify different chronic leukemias, discuss their prognoses, morphology, immunophenotyping, lab findings, and types of treatment.
39. Define myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs).
40. Define and discuss chronic myelogenous leukemia.
41. Discuss the unique cytogenetic findings of CML.
42. Discuss the morphological changes that take place in the peripheral blood and bone marrow.
43. Discuss chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) and its lab characteristics.
44. Discuss polycythemia vera and its lab characteristics.
45. List the diagnostic criteria of polycythemia vera and differentiate it from secondary and relative polycythemia.
46. Define essential thrombocytopenia and understand the diagnosis, as well as prognosis and treatment.
47. Define Primary Myelofibrosis and describe the features.
48. Describe the pathological features associated with Primary Myelofibrosis.
49. Discuss the clinical signs, symptoms, and treatment associated with Primary Myelofibrosis.
50. Define lymphoproliferative disorder.
51. Describe the morphology of a normal lymph node.
52. Describe the different types of reactive lymphoid proliferations.
53. Explain and describe the general features that go with Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
54. Explain the different classification systems for Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
55. Discuss the different stages of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and the prognosis.
56. Describe malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
57. Discuss the classifications used when talking about malignant lymphomas.
58. Describe the clinical, morphological & immunological characteristics of some of the common B Cell Lymphomas.
59. Discuss the different T-cell neoplasms and the characteristics that go with them.
60. List the other malignant lymphomas and the characteristics of them.
61. Discuss Myelodysplastic Syndrome and the morphological features in the peripheral blood and bone marrow.
62. Define dyspoiesis and the characteristics in the peripheral blood and bone marrow.
63. Discuss the abnormal lab data and functions of the granulocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombosis in MDS.
64. Explain the classification system used to differentiate myelodysplastic syndromes and the prognosis and treatment linked to each.
65. Describe the origin of platelets, discuss and understand their development.
66. Discuss the role of the spleen in platelet production.
67. Discuss the constituents of platelets and the structural zones.
68. Discuss the granule contents of platelets.
69. Explain the process of platelet maturation including endomitosis.
70. Discuss the steps of platelet function in primary hemostasis.
71. Discuss the types and requirements for lab testing of platelets.
72. Define thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis and discuss their associated platelet counts.
73. Discuss and differentiate the types of quantitative platelet disorders.
74. Discuss the different disorders that cause increased platelet destruction.
75. Discuss causes which lead to Thrombocytosis.
76. Define qualitative bleeding disorders and explain the clinical manifestations.
77. Discuss the disorders of adhesion receptors and the treatment available.
78. Discuss the clinical features of the disorders of platelet secretion.
79. Discuss the storage pool diseases and the associated syndromes.
80. Describe the thromboxane pathway disorders and discuss the clinical manifestations.
81. Discuss the different acquired defects of platelet functions.
82. Identify the different disorders that affect the platelet function.
83. Define vascular disorders and differentiate between hereditary and acquired.
84. Discuss the definition and components of hemostasis.
85. Name and explain the vascular system materials produced and their function.
86. Describe the elements and functions of primary hemostasis.
87. Discuss the different types of lab testing used to assess primary hemostasis.
88. Explain potential disease states associated with abnormal primary hemostasis.
89. Discuss the function and maturation of thrombocytes.
90. Explain the aspects and functions of the plasma coagulation system (secondary hemostasis) and the nomenclature used.
91. Discuss the different types of secondary coagulation inhibitors.
92. Differentiate the three groups of coagulation factors.
93. Explain the steps of each coagulation pathway, the unique coagulation factors involved, and lab tests used to assess abnormalities of each.
94. Differentiate localized and general hemorrhage.
95. Differentiate the acquired hemorrhagic disorders of liver disease, renal disease, vitamin K deficiency, Hemophilias, & Von Willebrand disease.
96. Discuss Von Willebrand disease and the lab procedures used to diagnose it.
97. Discuss gene mutations associated with thrombotic coagulation disorders.
98. Discuss the single coagulation factor deficiencies and the lab tests used to diagnose abnormalities.
99. Discuss the process and components of fibrinolysis as part of coagulation hemostasis.
100. Explain lab tests used to determine the activity of fibrinolysis and DIC.
101. Explain the proper collection of specimens for hemostasis testing along with the proper management and centrifugation.
102. Discuss the different platelet function tests.
103. Discuss the different means used for qualitative and quantitative measurement of platelet activation markers.
104. Differentiate the different clot-based plasma procoagulant screens and their interpretations.
105. Discuss and differentiate the different types of coagulation factors assays.
106. Discuss the performance and interpretation of coagulation mixing studies.
107. Discuss the different testing used for Fibrinolysis.
108. Discuss the normal protective mechanism of clot formation and natural anticoagulants in the process of coagulation.
109. Differentiate common test interpretations of coagulation tests.