RAD 690 - Cross Sectional Anatomy

1. Identify basic Cross Sectional Anatomy of the Cranium, facial bones, brain, spine, neck, thorax, and abdomen/pelvis regions of the human body.
2. Understand spatial relationships and anatomy using sagittal, coronal and axial planes of the human body
3. Define anatomic locations of major vessels and organs within the human body
4. Identify how the position of anatomy changes within various body regions
5. Utilize critical thinking skills in evaluating anatomy using various modalities that students may encounter in Radiologic Imaging, specifically, MRI, CT and Ultrasound.

Course Objectives:

Unit 1: CRANUIM, FACIAL BONES, BRAIN

• Name the bones of the cranium and the face. Identify the four paranasal sinuses.
• Identify the five lobes of the cerebrum.
• Locate the components of the brainstem.
• Compare the cerebrum and cerebellum with respect to size, appearance, location, and structure.
• Trace the flow the cerebrospinal fluid through the ventricles in the brain.

Unit 2: SPINE & NECK

• Identify the bones that make-up the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx, vertebra column.
• Describe the meninges, segments, and nerve roots of the spinal cord.
• Describe the location of the cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral plexuses.
• Identify the vasculature of the spine.
• Describe the arterial blood supply to the brain.
• Identify the major venous sinuses that return blood from the brain to the internal jugular vein.
• Discuss the relationships of the esophagus and trachea as they descend through the neck.
• Discuss the relationships of the internal jugular vein with other vessels and anatomic structures as it descends from the jugular foramen to the brachiocephalic vein.
• State the origin and pathway of the vertebral arteries.
• Identify the regions of the brain, blood vessels, and viscera of the head and neck in transverse, sagittal, and coronal sections.

Unit 3: THORAX

• Identify and describe the bones that form the thoracic cage. State the vertebral level of the jugular notch, the sternal angle, and the xiphisternal junction.
• Describe the pleura and pleural cavities.
• Compare the features of the right and left lungs.
• List the divisions of the mediastinum and the contents of each region.
• Describe the pericardial sac, the pericardium, and the pericardial cavity.
• Describe the structure of the heart wall.
• Define and state the location of the apex, the base, the surfaces, and the borders of the heart.
• Trace the pathway of a stimulus through the conduction system of the heart.
• Identify the great vessels associated with the heart by describing the location and the relationships of each vessel.
• Trace the flow of blood through the heart from the right atrium to the ascending aorta.
• Identify the skeletal components, the muscles, the blood vessels, and the viscera of the thorax in transverse, sagittal, and coronal sections.

Unit 4: ABDOMEN

• State the boundaries of the abdomen.
• Describe the structure of the diaphragm, name and give the vertebral levels of the three major openings in the diaphragm, and identify the structures that pass through each opening.
• State the level of origin of the visceral branches of the abdominal aorta and identify the regions each one supplies.
• Identify the inferior vena cava.
• Trace the pathway of blood through the hepatic portal system of veins.
• Discuss the structure and the relationships of the liver, including its lobar subdivisions and its blood supply.
• Discuss the visceral relationships of the gallbladder.
• Name the regions of the small intestine.
• Identify the regions of the large intestine.
• Describe the location and the relationships of the spleen.
• Discuss the location and the relationships of the head, neck, body, and tail of the pancreas.
• Describe the location and the relationships of the kidneys, ureters, and suprarenal glands.
• Identify the abdominal viscera, muscles, and blood vessels on transverse, sagittal, and coronal sections.

Unit 5: PELVIS

• Define the term “pelvis.”
• Describe the anterior relationships of the rectum in the male and in the female.
• Compare the relationships of the urinary organs in the male and in the female.
• Describe the normal location and attachments of the ovaries.
• Identify the uterus.
• Describe the normal position and relationships of the uterus.
• Identify and compare the three muscles of the urogenital region of the peritoneum in the male and in the female.
• Identify the muscles, viscera, blood vessels, and skeletal components of the male pelvis in transverse, sagittal, and coronal sections.
• Identify the muscles, viscera, blood vessels, and skeletal components of the female pelvis in transverse, sagittal, and coronal sections.

Unit 6: EXTREMITIES AND ARTICULATIONS

• Identify the bones that make up the pectoral girdle.
• Identify the skeletal, muscular, vascular, and neural components of the arm.
• Identify the skeletal, muscular, vascular, and neural components of the forearm.
• Describe the structure of the shoulder joint, and discuss the anatomic relationships of its components.
• Describe the structure of the elbow joint, and discuss the anatomic relationships of its components.
• Identify the skeletal and the muscular components of the thigh.
• Identify the skeletal and muscular components of the leg.
• Describe the location, boundaries, and contents of the popliteal fossa.
• Describe the structure of the knee joint, and discuss the anatomic relationships of its components.
• Describe the structure of the ankle joint, and discuss the anatomic relationships of its components.
• Identify the structural components of the lower extremity in transverse sections.
• Identify the structural components of the articulations associated with the upper and lower extremities in transverse, sagittal, and coronal planes